Electricity is vital for most everyday activities. From the moment you flip the first switch each morning, you are connecting to a huge network of people, electric lines, and generating equipment. Power plant operators control the machinery that generates electricity. Power plant distributors and dispatchers control the flow of electricity from the power plant, over a network of transmission lines, to industrial plants and substations, and, finally, over distribution lines to residential users.
Power plant operators control and monitor boilers, turbines, generators, and auxiliary equipment in power-generating plants. Operators distribute power demands among generators, combine the current from several generators, and monitor instruments to maintain voltage and regulate electricity flows from the plant. When power requirements change, these workers start or stop generators and connect or disconnect them from circuits. They often use computers to keep records of switching operations and loads on generators, lines, and transformers. Operators also may use computers to prepare reports of unusual incidents, malfunctioning equipment, or maintenance performed during their shift.
Operators in plants with automated control systems work mainly in a central control room and usually are called control room operators or control room operator trainees or assistants. In older plants, the controls for the equipment are not centralized; switchboard operators control the flow of electricity from a central point, while auxiliary equipment operators work throughout the plant, operating and monitoring valves, switches, and gauges.
In nuclear power plants, most operators start working as equipment operators or auxiliary operators. They help the more senior workers with equipment maintenance and operation while learning the basics of plant operation. With experience and training they may be licensed by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission as reactor operators and authorized to control equipment that affects the power of the reactor in a nuclear power plant. Senior reactor operators supervise the operation of all controls in the control room. At least one senior operator must be on duty during each shift to act as the plant supervisor.
Power distributors and dispatchers, also called load dispatchers or systems operators, control the flow of electricity through transmission lines to industrial plants and substations that supply residential needs for electricity. They monitor and operate current converters, voltage transformers, and circuit breakers. Dispatchers also monitor other distribution equipment and record readings at a pilot board—a map of the transmission grid system showing the status of transmission circuits and connections with substations and industrial plants.
Dispatchers also anticipate power needs, such as those caused by changes in the weather. They call control room operators to start or stop boilers and generators, in order to bring production into balance with needs. Dispatchers handle emergencies such as transformer or transmission line failures and route current around affected areas. In substations, they also operate and monitor equipment that increases or decreases voltage, and they operate switchboard levers to control the flow of electricity in and out of the substations.
Work environment. Operators, distributors, and dispatchers who work in control rooms generally sit or stand at a control station. This work is not physically strenuous, but it does require constant attention. Operators who work outside the control room may be exposed to danger from electric shock, falls, and burns.
Nuclear power plant operators are subject to random drug and alcohol tests, as are most workers at such plants. Additionally, they have to pass a medical examination every two years and may be exposed to small amounts of ionizing radiation as part of their jobs.
Because electricity is provided around the clock, operators, distributors, and dispatchers usually work one of three 8-hour shifts or one of two 12-hour shifts on a rotating basis. Shift assignments may change periodically, so that all operators share less desirable shifts. Work on rotating shifts can be stressful and fatiguing because of the constant change in living and sleeping patterns.
| 1. | Monitor and inspect power plant equipment and indicators to detect evidence of operating problems. |
| 2. | Adjust controls to generate specified electrical power, or to regulate the flow of power between generating stations and substations. |
| 3. | Operate or control power generating equipment, including boilers, turbines, generators, and reactors, using control boards or semi-automatic equipment. |
| 4. | Regulate equipment operations and conditions such as water levels, based on data from recording and indicating instruments or from computers. |
| 5. | Take readings from charts, meters and gauges at established intervals, and take corrective steps as necessary. |
| 6. | Start or stop generators, auxiliary pumping equipment, turbines, and other power plant equipment, and connect or disconnect equipment from circuits. |
| 7. | Inspect records and log book entries, and communicate with other plant personnel, in order to assess equipment operating status. |
| 8. | Control and maintain auxiliary equipment, such as pumps, fans, compressors, condensers, feedwater heaters, filters, and chlorinators, to supply water, fuel, lubricants, air, and auxiliary power. |
| 9. | Clean, lubricate, and maintain equipment such as generators, turbines, pumps, and compressors in order to prevent equipment failure or deterioration. |
| 10. | Communicate with systems operators to regulate and coordinate transmission loads and frequencies, and line voltages. |
| 11. | Record and compile operational data, completing and maintaining forms, logs, and reports. |
| 12. | Open and close valves and switches in sequence upon signals from other workers, in order to start or shut down auxiliary units. |
| 13. | Collect oil, water, and electrolyte samples for laboratory analysis. |
| 14. | Make adjustments or minor repairs, such as tightening leaking gland and pipe joints; report any needs for major repairs. |
| 15. | Control generator output to match the phase, frequency, and voltage of electricity supplied to panels. |
| 16. | Place standby emergency electrical generators on line in emergencies and monitor the temperature, output, and lubrication of the system. |
| 17. | Receive outage calls and call in necessary personnel during power outages and emergencies. |
| 18. | Examine and test electrical power distribution machinery and equipment, using testing devices. |
| 19. | Replenish electrolytes in batteries and oil in voltage transformers, and reset tripped electric relays. |
[Back to Top]