The process of combining printed sheets into finished products such as books, magazines, catalogs, folders, and directories is known as "binding." When a publication or advertising supplement has been printed, it must then be folded, glued, stitched, stapled, or otherwise turned into the finished product that will be seen by the public. Bindery workers set up, operate, and maintain the machines that perform these various tasks, while bookbinders perform highly skilled hand finishing operations.
Job duties depend on the material being bound. Some types of binding and finishing jobs consist of only one step. Preparing leaflets or newspaper inserts, for example, requires only folding. Binding of books and magazines, on the other hand, requires a number of steps. Bindery workers first assemble the books and magazines from large, flat, printed sheets of paper. They then operate machines that first fold printed sheets into "signatures," which are groups of pages arranged sequentially. They then assemble the signatures in sequence and join them by means of a saddle-stitch process or perfect binding (where no stitches are used). In firms that do "edition binding", workers bind books produced in large numbers, or "runs."
In libraries where repair work on rare books is needed, bookbinders sew, stitch, or glue the assembled printed sheets, shape the book bodies with presses and trimming machines, and reinforce them with glued fabric strips. Covers are created separately and glued, pasted, or stitched onto the book bodies. The books then undergo a variety of finishing operations, often including wrapping in paper jackets. In establishments that print new books, this work is done mechanically.
A small number of bookbinders work in hand binderies. These highly skilled workers design original or special bindings for limited editions, or restore and rebind rare books. Some binders repair books and provide other specialized binding services to libraries.
Bookbinders and bindery workers in small shops may perform many binding tasks, while those in large shops tend to specialize. Tasks may include performing perfect binding or operating laminating machinery. Others specialize as folder operators or cutter operators, and may perform adjustments and minor repairs to equipment as needed.
Work environment. Binderies often are noisy and jobs can be strenuous, requiring considerable lifting, standing, and carrying. Binding often resembles an assembly line on which workers perform repetitive tasks. The jobs also may require stooping, kneeling, and crouching, but equipment that minimizes such activity is now widely available.
Bookbinders and bindery workers normally work 40 hours per week, although weekend and holiday hours may be necessary if production on a job is behind schedule. Many large printers operate around the clock, so some bindery workers may work on shifts. Part-time workers made up 11 percent of this occupation in 2006.
| 1. | Perform highly skilled hand finishing operations, such as grooving and lettering, to bind books. |
| 2. | Cut binder boards to specified dimensions, using board shears, hand cutters, or cutting machines. |
| 3. | Cut cover material to specified dimensions, and fit and glue material to binder boards manually or by machine. |
| 4. | Establish production procedures based on job orders. |
| 5. | Place bound books in presses that exert pressure on covers until glue dries. |
| 6. | Glue outside endpapers to covers. |
| 7. | Trim edges of books to size, using cutting or book trimming machines or hand cutters. |
| 8. | Repair, restore, and rebind old or damaged books, including rare books. |
| 9. | Apply glue to backs of books, using brushes or glue machines, and attach cloth backing and headbands. |
| 10. | Attach endpapers to tops and bottoms of book bodies, using sewing machines, or glue endpapers and signatures together along spines, using brushes or glue machines. |
| 11. | Compress sewed or glued signatures to reduce books to required thicknesses, using hand presses or smashing machines. |
| 12. | Meet with clients, printers, and/or designers to discuss job requirements and binding plans. |
| 13. | Design original or special bindings for limited editions. |
| 14. | Insert book bodies in devices that form back edges of books into convex shapes and produce grooves that facilitate attachment of covers. |
| 15. | Imprint and emboss lettering, designs, or numbers on covers, using gold, silver, or colored foil, and stamping machines. |
| 16. | Pack and weigh books, and stack them on pallets to prepare them for shipment. |
| 17. | Fold and sew printed sheets to form signatures, and assemble signatures in numerical order to form book bodies. |
| 18. | Apply color to edges of signatures, using brushes, pads, or atomizers. |
| 19. | Make boxes or specialty items such as binders and photograph albums. |
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