To keep aircraft in peak operating condition, aircraft and avionics equipment mechanics and service technicians perform scheduled maintenance, make repairs, and complete inspections required by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA).
Many aircraft mechanics, also called airframe mechanics, power plant mechanics, and avionics technicians, specialize in preventive maintenance. They inspect aircraft engines, landing gear, instruments, pressurized sections, accessories—brakes, valves, pumps, and air-conditioning systems, for example—and other parts of the aircraft, and do the necessary maintenance and replacement of parts. They also keep records related to the maintenance performed on the aircraft. Mechanics and technicians conduct inspections following a schedule based on the number of hours the aircraft has flown, calendar days since the last inspection, cycles of operation, or a combination of these factors. In large, sophisticated planes equipped with aircraft monitoring systems, mechanics can gather valuable diagnostic information from electronic boxes and consoles that monitor the aircraft's basic operations. In planes of all sorts, aircraft mechanics examine engines by working through specially designed openings while standing on ladders or scaffolds or by using hoists or lifts to remove the entire engine from the craft. After taking an engine apart, mechanics use precision instruments to measure parts for wear and use x-ray and magnetic inspection equipment to check for invisible cracks. They repair or replace worn or defective parts. Mechanics also may repair sheet metal or composite surfaces; measure the tension of control cables; and check for corrosion, distortion, and cracks in the fuselage, wings, and tail. After completing all repairs, they must test the equipment to ensure that it works properly.
Other mechanics specialize in repair work rather than inspection. They find and fix problems that pilot's describe. For example, during a preflight check, a pilot may discover that the aircraft's fuel gauge does not work. To solve the problem, mechanics may troubleshoot the electrical system, using electrical test equipment to make sure that no wires are broken or shorted out, and replace any defective electrical or electronic components. Mechanics work as fast as safety permits so that the aircraft can be put back into service quickly.
Some mechanics work on one or many different types of aircraft, such as jets, propeller-driven airplanes, and helicopters. Others specialize in one section of a particular type of aircraft, such as the engine, hydraulics, or electrical system. Airframe mechanics are authorized to work on any part of the aircraft except the instruments, power plants, and propellers. Powerplant mechanics are authorized to work on engines and do limited work on propellers. Combination airframe-and-powerplant mechanics—called A&P mechanics—work on all parts of the plane except the instruments. Most mechanics working on civilian aircraft today are A&P mechanics. In small, independent repair shops, mechanics usually inspect and repair many different types of aircraft.
Avionics systems—components used for aircraft navigation and radio communications, weather radar systems, and other instruments and computers that control flight, engine, and other primary functions—are now an integral part of aircraft design and have vastly increased aircraft capability. Avionics technicians repair and maintain these systems. Their duties may require additional licenses, such as a radiotelephone license issued by the U.S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC). Because of the increasing use of technology, more time is spent repairing electronic systems, such as computerized controls. Technicians also may be required to analyze and develop solutions to complex electronic problems.
Work environment. Mechanics usually work in hangars or in other indoor areas. When hangars are full or when repairs must be made quickly, they may work outdoors, sometimes in unpleasant weather. Mechanics often work under time pressure to maintain flight schedules or, in general aviation, to keep from inconveniencing customers. At the same time, mechanics have a tremendous responsibility to maintain safety standards, and this can cause the job to be stressful.
Frequently, mechanics must lift or pull objects weighing more than 70 pounds. They often stand, lie, or kneel in awkward positions and occasionally must work in precarious positions, such as on scaffolds or ladders. Noise and vibration are common when engines are being tested, so ear protection is necessary.
Aircraft mechanics usually work 40 hours a week on 8-hour shifts around the clock. Overtime and weekend work is frequent.
| 1. | Read and interpret maintenance manuals, service bulletins, and other specifications to determine the feasibility and method of repairing or replacing malfunctioning or damaged components. |
| 2. | Inspect completed work to certify that maintenance meets standards and that aircraft are ready for operation. |
| 3. | Maintain repair logs, documenting all preventive and corrective aircraft maintenance. |
| 4. | Conduct routine and special inspections as required by regulations. |
| 5. | Examine and inspect aircraft components, including landing gear, hydraulic systems, and de-icers to locate cracks, breaks, leaks, or other problem. |
| 6. | Inspect airframes for wear or other defects. |
| 7. | Maintain, repair, and rebuild aircraft structures, functional components, and parts such as wings and fuselage, rigging, hydraulic units, oxygen systems, fuel systems, electrical systems, gaskets, and seals. |
| 8. | Measure the tension of control cables. |
| 9. | Replace or repair worn, defective, or damaged components, using hand tools, gauges, and testing equipment. |
| 10. | Measure parts for wear, using precision instruments. |
| 11. | Assemble and install electrical, plumbing, mechanical, hydraulic, and structural components and accessories, using hand tools and power tools. |
| 12. | Test operation of engines and other systems, using test equipment such as ignition analyzers, compression checkers, distributor timers, and ammeters. |
| 13. | Obtain fuel and oil samples, and check them for contamination. |
| 14. | Reassemble engines following repair or inspection, and re-install engines in aircraft. |
| 15. | Read and interpret pilots' descriptions of problems in order to diagnose causes. |
| 16. | Modify aircraft structures, space vehicles, systems, or components, following drawings, schematics, charts, engineering orders, and technical publications. |
| 17. | Install and align repaired or replacement parts for subsequent riveting or welding, using clamps and wrenches. |
| 18. | Locate and mark dimensions and reference lines on defective or replacement parts, using templates, scribes, compasses, and steel rules. |
| 19. | Clean, strip, prime, and sand structural surfaces and materials to prepare them for bonding. |
| 20. | Service and maintain aircraft and related apparatus by performing activities such as flushing crankcases, cleaning screens, and lubricating moving parts. |
| 21. | Examine engines through specially designed openings while working from ladders or scaffolds, or use hoists or lifts to remove the entire engine from an aircraft. |
| 22. | Remove or install aircraft engines, using hoists or forklift trucks. |
| 23. | Inventory and requisition or order supplies, parts, materials, and equipment. |
| 24. | Fabricate defective sections or parts, using metal fabricating machines, saws, brakes, shears, and grinders. |
| 25. | Remove or cut out defective parts, or drill holes in order to gain access to internal defects or damage, using drills and punches. |
| 26. | Clean, refuel, and change oil in line service aircraft. |
| 27. | Communicate with other workers to coordinate fitting and alignment of heavy parts, or to facilitate processing of repair parts. |
| 28. | Trim and shape replacement body sections to specified sizes and fits, and secure sections in place, using adhesives, hand tools, and power tools. |
| 29. | Clean engines, sediment bulk and screens, and carburetors, adjusting carburetor float levels. |
| 30. | Prepare and paint aircraft surfaces. |
| 31. | Spread plastic film over areas to be repaired in order to prevent damage to surrounding areas. |
| 32. | Check for corrosion, distortion, and invisible cracks in the fuselage, wings, and tail, using x-ray and magnetic inspection equipment. |
| 33. | Disassemble engines, and inspect parts such as turbine blades and cylinders for corrosion, wear, warping, cracks, and leaks, using precision measuring instruments, x-rays, and magnetic inspection equipment. |
| 34. | Determine repair limits for engine hot section parts. |
| 35. | Cure bonded structures, using portable or stationary curing equipment. |
| 36. | Listen to operating engines to detect and diagnose malfunctions such as sticking or burned valves. |
| 37. | Accompany aircraft on flights in order to make in-flight adjustments and corrections. |
| 38. | Remove, inspect, repair, and install in-flight refueling stores and external fuel tanks. |
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